Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. A hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-gray metallic luster, it is a tetravalent metalloid.

It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table, along with carbon above it and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium below. It is rather unreactive, though less so than germanium, and has great chemical affinity for oxygen; as such, it was first prepared and characterized in pure form only in 1823 by J?ns Jakob Berzelius. Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earth's crust. It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. Over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen. The outer electron orbital of silicon, like that of carbon, has four valence electrons. The 1s, 2s, 2p and 3s subshells are completely filled while the 3p subshell contains two electrons out of a possible six.

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Silicon is a semiconductor. It has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, since the number of free charge carriers increases with temperature.

Edgar Allan Poe’s Poems, Short Stories and Books Poe self-published his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems, in 1827. His second poetry collection, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems, was published in 1829. As a critic at the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond from 1835 to 1837, Poe published some of his own works in the magazine, including two parts of his only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. Crack Pes 2011 Pc Ita Download. In late 1830s, Poe published Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, a collection of short stories.

It contained several of his most spine-tingling tales, including 'The Fall of the House of Usher, ' 'Ligeia ' and 'William Wilson. ' In 1841, Poe launched the new genre of detective fiction with 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue. ' His literary innovations earned him the nickname 'Father of the Detective Story. ' A writer on the rise, he won a literary prize in 1843 for 'The Gold Bug, ' a suspenseful tale of secret codes and hunting treasure. 'The Black Cat' Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Black Cat” was published in 1843 in The Saturday Evening Post. In it, the narrator, a one-time animal lover, becomes an alcoholic who begins abusing his wife and black cat. By the macabre story’s end, the narrator observes his own descent into madness as he kills his wife, a crime his black cat reports to the police.

The story was later included in the 1845 short story collection, Tales by Edgar Allan Poe.